Fort Smith National Historic Site
When Cherokee Old Settlers arrived in present-day Arkansas, they found themselves at odds with the Osage Indians, who already occupied the territory. Wars were frequent, and tensions escalated as the number of immigrant Cherokee increased. In 1817 the western migration of Cherokee was formally recognized by the US, and the first fort at Fort Smith was established to keep peace between Cherokees and Osages.
In 1838, the fort was a key stop along the Trail of Tears, marking entry into Indian Territory for those who took the water route. Once the Trail of Tears had concluded, Fort Smith was used again to hold dominion over the population of Indian Territory.
"Hanging Judge" Isaac Parker was appointed to the bench at Fort Smith in 1875. Judge Parker's jurisdiction was the Western District of Arkansas, which included over half of the state of Arkansas and all of the Indian Territory. For years Judge Parker heard cases involving disputes between Indians and non-Indians. He sentenced 160 people to death, many with no right of appeal. His jurisdiction over Indian Territory ended in September 1896, and he died less than two months later.
Access: Open daily 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. except Christmas and New Year's Day.
Stay: The fort is in downtown Fort Smith, Arkansas. If you're looking for a comfortable place to stay the night, check out BedandBreakfast.com for a selection of nearby Bed & Breakfasts:
GPS: 35.388297759235066,-94.42978620529175
Map & Directions:
View All Things Cherokee Travel Center in a larger map
Fort Smith in on Arkansas/Oklahoma border just south of I-40. For specific directions, click the "Directions" link in the location bubble of the map above and enter your starting location on the left.
May Featured Title - Gifts & Books
Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation
Gives a fascinating portrayal of the Cherokee Nation, filled with legend, lore and religion. After much research the author has created a heart-stirring story of the tragedy of the Cherokee Trail of Tears which puts one into the time and place of that tragic time with a sense of authenticity and accuracy.
Order Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation
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